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Evolution Of An Aeroderivative Gas Turbine
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In 1969, the first GE LM2500 aeroderivative marine gas turbine began operating aboard the U.S. Navy's G.T.S. Adm. Wm. M. Callaghan supply vessel. Since then, GE has designed to keep the aeroderivative gas turbine state-of-the-art through a continued infusion of technological enhancements. In fact, the company reports it has spent more than $350m over the past decade alone on R&D. Significant enhancements have been made to the LM2500, including optimized compressor performance/efficiencies, high-pressure turbine temperatures and materials, and the single shank design with tapered airfoil that is more rugged than the original twin shank design. The LM2500 marine gas turbine consists of a compressor, combustor, high-pressure turbine, and free power turbine with associated accessories. The 16-stage compressor has variable inlet guide vanes (IGV), and in the first six stages there are variable stator vanes for improved stall margin and fuel efficiency. The combustor is a fully annular, straight-through-flow combustor with 30 fuel nozzles. The high-pressure turbine is a two-stage unit that selectively uses convection, impingement and/or film cooling on blades and vanes. The six-stage power turbine is a low speed, low stress turbine that is aerodynamically coupled to the gas generator and is driven by gas generator exit gas. The LM2500's modular construction, coupled with ports for borescope inspection of the internal components, offers simplified and reduced maintenance. The engine also has interchangeable modules, providing rapid assembly/disassembly, readily replaceable controls and accessories, ease of handling and quick gas turbine replacement. This modular construction also allows for easy, on-site maintenance. In December 1970 -- on the heels of the G.T.S. Adm. Wm. M. Callaghan installation -- GE was awarded another U.S. Navy contract to supply LM2500 engines for use aboard the Spruance (DD-963) class destroyers. The first of this class of destroyers was launched in 1973 -- making it the premiere all gas turbine ship -- and thus cementing the U.S. Navy's commitment to gas turbine propulsion. GE went on to provide a total of 124 LM2500 gas turbines for 31 Spruance-class destroyers. In 1983, GE decided to uprate the LM2500, increasing the power rating three percent from 27,500 shp to 29,500 shp at ISO conditions. In addition to an increased rating capability, improvement in heat rate was obtained. LM2500+ In 1995, GE began development and testing of the LM2500+ gas turbine, which offers 25 to 30 percent more power than the LM2500, and has a simple-cycle thermal efficiency in excess of 39 percent. In 2000, the inaugural marine uses of the LM2500+ occurred aboard the world's first gas turbine powered cruise ship -- Celebrity Cruises' Millennium --- and on the SNCM Corsaire 13000-class monohull fast ferry. To date, GE has delivered more than 600 LM2500s to the U.S. Navy. The LM2500s power all of the U.S. Navy's surface combatant ships plus AOE supply ships and Sealift ships. The LM2500 is part of the COmbined Diesel Or Gas turbine (CODOG) that powers the Office of Naval Research's X-Craft high-speed catamaran, christened in February 2005.
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